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What Causes a Structure to Subside, Heave or Slip ? There are a variety of reasons why underpinning may be necessary. The three main reasons are listed below with possible causes and explanations.
Subsidence Ground Shrinkage The drying out and consequent shrinkage of soil causing the structure to settle abnormally. Trees, Shrubs and other vegetation in close proximity to the structure. Abnormally dry seasons. Change of natural water course. Erosion The washing out and removal of soil around the foundation causing the structure to settle or slip with similar effects to ground shrinkage. Broken and Damaged Drainage Natural water course Leaking Water Main	Heave Where the foundations of a structure experience a squeezing and lifting effect causing opposite conditions to subsidence. Normally happens in high plasticity clay. Removal of Trees, Shrubs and Vegetation Abnormally Wet Seasons Change in Natural Water Course Broken or Damaged Drainage Leaking Water Main
	Structural Alterations Underpinning is sometimes required when alterations are carried out to an existing structure, for example, Extending above an existing ground floor room.

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